基础部 刘彩莉

   2016级学生将于本学期末参加2017年12月的大学英语四级考试,近期笔者对所授班级进行了一次模拟考试,试卷采用的是2016年12月大学英语四级真题(一)。通过本次模拟考试学生了解了自己目前的学习状况，并为接下来的四级考试做以准备和计划。现就本次考试中学生的英语作文和翻译表达中常见问题进行简析。

　　第一，词性混淆。Red usually symbol good luck, longevity and happiness. Symbol是名词，句中缺少的是谓语动词symbolize,并使用第三人称单数。It’s a good choose to find a job somewhere after graduation. Choose是动词，句中缺少的是用作表语的名词choice. To find a job is benefit for my development. Benefit是动词，句中缺少的是用作表语的形容词beneficial. In Chinese cultural, the color of red usually symbolizes…… Cultural是形容词，句中缺少的是用作介词宾语的名词culture.

　　第二，动词的不同形式混淆。首先，动词的第三人称单数。People gives money…… Somebody think…… Our country hope……其次，动词的-ing形式。I don’t have the ability of start a business. Because start a business can give some people……以上两个句子中的start应用其-ing形式分别做介词的宾语和句子的主语。再次，动词的-ed形式。You can found a job……在这句话中，应用动词原形find。最后，动词不定式。We should to start…… I will to catch a chance. Should和will后应用动词原形。

　　第三，be动词的使用问题。首先，be 动词乱用。If we are come from school,…… When we are graduated,…… I’m decide to find a job. The red is not always means luck and happiness. 其次，be动词的省缺。It not always equal to good luck…… Red can found everywhere.

　　第四，句子结构问题。The other reason of red is popular in China is people make red…… Chinese revolution and Chinese party is red popularity of reason. 出现以上句子结构混乱的原因是应试者没能理清句子的主干。笔者曾提出过运用树干理论理清脉络。所谓树干理论，就是指在翻译过程中先翻译出句子的主干部分，然后是其他细枝末节，最后再进行检查，即trunk---modifier---check.这句话的主干是Another reason is that…第二步Another reason for the popularity of red is that…最后补充that从句，Another reason for the popularity of red is that people associate it with Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party.

　　第五, there be句型的问题。There are many college students have no idea about their future after graduation. 这句话可改为Many college students have no idea about their future after graduation. There are many college students who have no idea about their future after graduation.

　　其它问题如名词的单复数问题，a people, this days, this two options; 拼写问题如将perfect写为prefect, popular写为population, represent写为respect.

　　希望同学们在接下来的备考中加强基础知识的巩固，避免这些所谓的“careless mistake”。